Checkout.com explains payment authentication

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Checkout.com explains how payment authentication uses 3D Secure (3DS) to verify the cardholder’s identity and, after successful verification, shift liability for unauthorized fraud disputes to the issuer. The authentication request is routed through the PSP and card network to the issuer’s ACS, which selects either a frictionless or challenge flow; a successful response generates a CAVV/AAV, which then enters the traditional payment rails with the authorization request.